Macam - Macam Sistem Pemerintahan dan Negara Penganutnya

A. Sistem Pemerintahan Presidensial

Sistem presidensial merupakan sistem pemerintahan yang menganut asas Trias Politica yang membagi kekuasaan dalam tiga lembaga secara seimbang, yaitu eksekutif, legislatif, dan yudikatif. Presiden juga dapat membentuk kabinet yang bertanggung jawab penuh kepada presiden (tidak bisa dibubarkan oleh parlemen). Negara penganut sistem presidensial :

Sistem presidensial dengan perdana menteri[sunting | sunting sumber]

B. Sistem Pemerintahan Parlementer

Sistem parlementer adalah sebuah sistem pemerintahan di mana parlemen memiliki peranan penting dalam pemerintahan. Dalam hal ini parlemen memiliki wewenang dalam memangkat perdana menteri dan parlemen pun dapat menjatuhkan pemerintahan dengan cara mengeluarkan mosi tidak percaya. Negara penganut sistem parlemen :

Afrika[sunting | sunting sumber]

Statue of President Nelson Mandelaof South Africa in Parliament Square,London

Country	Connection between legislative and executive branch
Botswana	Parliament of Botswana appoints the Cabinet
Ethiopia	Federal Parliamentary Assembly appoints the Council of Ministers
Libya	General National Congress approves the Cabinet of Libya
Mauritius	National Assembly appoints the Cabinet of Mauritius
South Africa	Parliament of South Africa elects the President who appoints the Cabinet of South Africa

Amerika[sunting | sunting sumber]

Parliament Canada

Country	Connection between legislative and executive branch
Antigua and Barbuda	Parliament of Antigua and Barbuda appoints the Cabinet of Antigua and Barbuda
The Bahamas	Parliament of the Bahamas appoints the Cabinet of the Bahamas
Barbados	Parliament of Barbados appoints the Cabinet of Barbados
Belize	National Assembly appoints the Cabinet of Belize
Canada	House of Commons of Canada approves the Prime Minister of Canada, who forms the Cabinet of Canada
Dominica
Grenada	Parliament of Grenada elects the Prime Minister of Grenada
Jamaica	Parliament of Jamaica appoints the Cabinet of Jamaica
Saint Kitts and Nevis	National Assembly elects the Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucia	Parliament of Saint Lucia appoints the Prime Minister of Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	House of Assembly appoints the Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Trinidad and Tobago	Parliament of Trinidad and Tobago approves the Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago

Asia[sunting | sunting sumber]

Sansad Bhavan, parliament building of largest democracy, India

Council of Representatives of Iraq

Knesset of Israel in Jerusalem

Parliament of Malaysia

Country	Connection between legislative and executive branch
Bangladesh	Jatiyo Sangshad appoints the Cabinet of Bangladesh
Bhutan	Parliament of Bhutan approves the Lhengye Zhungtshog
Cambodia	Parliament of Cambodia approves the Council of Ministers
India	Parliament of India approves the Prime Minister of India who formed Cabinet of India
Iraq	Council of Representatives approves the Cabinet of Iraq
Israel	Knesset approves the Cabinet of Israel
Japan	Diet of Japan appoints the Prime Minister who appoints the Cabinet of Japan
Kuwait	National Assembly approves the Crown Prince who appoints the Prime Minister who appoints the Cabinet of Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan	Supreme Council approves the Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan
Lebanon	Parliament of Lebanon approves the Cabinet of Lebanon
Malaysia	Parliament of Malaysia appoints the Cabinet of Malaysia
Mongolia	State Great Khural confirms the Government of Mongolia
Nepal	Constituent Assembly appoints the Cabinet of Nepal
Pakistan	Parliament of Pakistan appoints the Cabinet of Pakistan
Singapore	Parliament of Singapore approves the Cabinet of Singapore
Thailand	House of Representatives appoints the Prime Minister who appoints the Cabinet of Thailand
Turkey	Grand National Assembly approves the Cabinet of Turkey

Eropa[sunting | sunting sumber]

The administrative building of the Albanian Parliament

Country	Connection between legislative and executive branch
Albania	Parliament of Albania approves the Cabinet of Albania
Austria	Parliament of Austria appoints the Cabinet of Austria
Belgium	Federal Parliament approves the Cabinet of Belgium
Bulgaria	National Assembly appoints the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria
Croatia	Croatian Parliament appoints the Croatian Government
Czech Republic	President of the Czech Republic appoints the leader of the largest party or coalition in the Parliament as Prime Minister, who forms the Cabinet
Denmark	The Monarch appoints, based on recommendations from the leaders of the parties in Folketinget, the cabinet leader who is most likely to successfully assemble a Cabinet which will not be disapproved by a majority in Folketinget.
Estonia	Riigikogu appoints the Government of the Republic of Estonia
Finland	Parliament of Finland appoints the Cabinet of Finland
Germany	Bundestag elects the Federal Chancellor, who forms the Cabinet
Greece	Hellenic Parliament approves the Cabinet of Greece
Hungary	National Assembly approves the Cabinet of Hungary
Iceland	Althing appoints the Cabinet of Iceland
Ireland	Oireachtas appoints the Government of Ireland
Italy	Italian Parliament appoints the Cabinet of Italy
Kosovo	Assembly of Kosovo appoints the Government of Kosovo
Latvia	Saeima appoints the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia
Lithuania	Seimas appoints the Government of Lithuania
Luxembourg	Chamber of Deputies appoints the Cabinet of Luxembourg
Republic of Macedonia	Assembly approves the Government of Macedonia
Malta	House of Representatives appoints the Cabinet of Malta
Moldova	Parliament of Moldova appoints the Cabinet of Moldova
Montenegro	Parliament of Montenegro appoints the Government of Montenegro
Netherlands	Staten-Generaal appoints the Cabinet of the Netherlands
Norway	The Monarch appoints the MP leading the largest party or coalition in Stortinget as Prime Minister, who forms theCabinet
Poland	Parliament of Poland approves the Cabinet of Poland
Serbia	National Assembly appoints the Government of Serbia
Slovakia	National Council approves the Government of Slovakia
Slovenia	National Assembly appoints the Government of Slovenia
Spain	The General Courts elects the President of the Government, who forms the Cabinet
Sweden	The Riksdag elects the Prime Minister, who in turn appoints the other members of the Government
Switzerland	Federal Assembly elects the Federal Council
United Kingdom	The Monarch appoints the MP leading the largest party or coalition in the House of Commons as Prime Minister, who forms the Cabinet

Pasifik[sunting | sunting sumber]

Parliament of New Zealand

National Parliament of Papua New Guinea

Country	Connection between legislative and executive branch
Australia	Parliament of Australia appoints the Cabinet of Australia
New Zealand	Parliament of New Zealand appoints the Cabinet of New Zealand
Papua New Guinea	National Parliament appoints the Cabinet of Papua New Guinea
Samoa	Legislative Assembly appoints the Cabinet of Samoa
Vanuatu	Parliament of Vanuatu appoints the Cabinet of Vanuatu

C. Sistem Pemerintahan Semipresidensial atau Dualisme Eksekutif

Sistem semipresidensial adalah sistem pemerintahan yang menggabungkan kedua sistem pemerintahan : presidensial dan parlementer. Dalam sistem ini, presiden presiden dipilih oleh rakyat sehingga memiliki kekuasaan yang kuat. Semipresidensial melaksanakan kekuasaan bersama - sama dengan perdana menteri. Negara penganut sistem semipresidensial :